Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is a common disease of the musculoskeletal system.According to statistics, each sixth person in old age is diagnosed with joint deformation.The violation of the integrity of the cartilage is the cause of changes in the mutual bone position.Compliance with preventive measures will prevent the development of post-traumatic syndrome and restore the functioning of the musculoskeletal system.
What is the essence of the disease
The osteoarthritis of the knee joint is destruction, dystrophic damage to the connective tissue of cells from the cartilage of the femoral joint.They are more likely to obtain women, especially the overwhelming 40 -year -old border.The disease can be on a back, osteoarthritis of the right or bilateral knee joint, affects one or both legs at a time.
Without appropriate treatment, the disease progresses, affects muscles, fibrous compounds (ligaments), bones.Because of this, you can completely lose the opportunity to move: with the final destruction of the cartilage, the OS will be exposed.
The concepts of gonarthrosis, osteoarthritis, distorting osteoarthritis are identical, are characterized by identical morphological and biological characteristics.Such a disease is typical of advanced people, but cases have become more frequent when the symptoms of differences are diagnosed in children.
The reasons for the appearance of the problem
The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age.The main causes of the modification of the knee joint are a violation of metabolism in the solid connective tissue and daily exorbitant loads.
The following factors affect the development of the disease:
- Biological aging process.After 40, structural and functional changes occur, cellular dystrophy.The cartilage fabric loses its ability to regenerate.
- Problems with excess weight.The filing of adipose tissue in the organs creates an additional load on the whole body and the skeletal muscle system.People with high body weight often suffer from osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
- Violation of blood circulation in members.This leads to a slowdown in metabolism, to the artificial exhaustion of cells.
- Passive lifestyle.Physical activity must be affordable, but regular.
- Diabetes.The pathology of the endocrine system is associated with insulted production of insulin, which is involved in metabolism.In the fight against energy exhaustion, the body becomes vulnerable, the vessels are obstructed and a decrease in the elasticity of cartilage occurs.
- Pregnancy.With him, there may be a change in the hormonal background, an additional weight of weight, which can cause problems with the knee joints.
- Dysplasia.Pathology contributes to the premature erasure of cartilage, which threatens joint deformation.
- Wounds, especially in children: dislocations, stretching, bruising.
The risk group is led by women with excess body weight.
The degree of development of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The destruction process begins with cartilage and affects the entire knee joint.There are three steps of pathology depending on the degree of defeat:
- First of all.It is characterized by light symptoms.A person complains of minor episodic pain in the knee, reduced activity after prolonged inaction (sleep).
- The second.Pain causes all actions.It is enough to rest and pain syndrome passes, however, the resumption of physical activity leads to discomfort.The main signs of pathology at this stage: knee crunch, accumulation of synovial fluid.The narrowing of the difference between the bones of the gap joint can only be seen in the radiographic image.In the photo, pathological changes are clearly visible.
- The third.Global changes in the cartilaginous tissue occur.A person cannot bend the leg to the knee, regular intense pain causes discomfort throughout the day or night, the bone outline is grown.
The appearance of the first light symptoms requires the examination and consultation of the rheumatologist.
Most often, the patient is looking for medical help in the last stage, where you cannot do without surgery.
Important!It is possible to diagnose deviations only with an X -ray.
Types of pathology
By the nature of the occurrence of deformation, there are two forms of pathology:
- Primary - A hereditary defect in the articulation of the left or right knee: develops in children of adolescence, due to the poor formation of the ligament apparatus.
- Sedancier - Post -traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee joint, caused by bruises, stretch marks, injuries of bone parts.
The disease can affect the joints of one or two legs at the same time.
Methods of treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint in children or adults occurs in two stages: the first is the relief of pain, the second is the effect on the factors of the disease.The forms and severity of gonarthrosis play a fundamental role in the choice of a treatment method.
The types of exposure type therapy are as follows:
- medicine;
- Manual physiotherapy;
- surgery;
- Folk methodology.
Early patient recovery is possible with an integrated approach.
Drug therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Traditional treatment requires osteoarthritis of the knee joint in the last two stages.To reduce the pain threshold, restore the integrity and elasticity of connective tissue will help the following drugs:
- A group of non -steroidal remedies.With high pain, the drug is administered intramuscularly, you can take it orally or use gels and ointments.
- Chondroprotectors.Contribute to the normalization of metabolism processes, prevent additional knee deformation and restore cartilage.
- Corticosteroid hormones.Quickly relieve swelling, redness, but cause side effects, therefore, in rare cases are prescribed in rare courses.
Complex therapy allows you to reach the remission of the disease, reduces the risks of manifestation of secondary osteoarthritis of the femoral pan.
Physiotherapy of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The technique of treatment by exposure to hands, auxiliary devices and mechanisms has a blocking effect on the destruction of the knee cartilage joints in children and adults, and leads to the restoration of the musculoskeletal system.
The methodology for eliminating anatomical pathology includes the following types of manipulation:
- Massage.Such a mechanical influence helps improve the flow of lymph, normalization of metabolism, blood circulation.
- Therapeutic physical education is an effective method for restoring children and motor skills in adults in the femoral joint.The courses aim to develop mobility, strengthening the ligament apparatus.You can do a gymnastics at home, when the attacks are stopped.
- Reflexology.Impact on the central nervous system through receptors.Acupuncture increases muscle tone, saturation of tissues with oxygen, activates immunogenic reactivity.
One of the most effective methods is physiotherapy or recovery based on natural factors: electrophoresis, mudrap, ultrasonic therapy, ozokeretopia will help locate the objective of inflammation.
Electrophoresis
With its help, a high concentration of drugs in the affected area is obtained, the liver and the gastrointestinal tract do not receive negative effects.A specially created electric field carefully provides drugs directly to the affected area.
Mud
The mineral substances which are so rich in dirt, when they are penetrated into damaged tissues, suspend the additional destruction of the cartilage, then restore them.With dirt, blood flow increases, muscles relax, metabolic processes are stimulated.
Ultrasound therapy
Ultrasound relieves muscle cramps and relieves pain by activating metabolism, changes in acid-base balance and improving tissue breathing.
Ozo
Ozokertite is unique in composition due to a large number of micro-elements contained therein.Among the positive properties of this substance are the ability to restore soft tissue.He almost instantly makes unpleasant and painful sensations.
Advice!The gymnastics selected by the attending physician must be carried out with a low amplitude of motion.
Swimming lessons contribute to rapid rehabilitation.During the procedure, the muscles are reinforced.
Surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The distribution of the femoral joint in children and adults at the last stage leads to a complete deformation of the solid connective tissue, the bones.The doctor is forced to use surgery: endoprosthetic or arthrodesis.
In the first case, the affected articulation is partially or completely replaced by a polymer or a metal prosthesis, in the second, a complete immobilization of the joint is carried out to eliminate pain syndrome.
Nuance!There are no age restrictions for operational manipulations, but, as the practice shows, they are mainly used after reaching 50 years.
Depending on the physiological characteristics of a person, the recovery period will take about 3 months.
Folk methods to treat osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Non -traditional therapy has a general strengthening effect on the whole organism.Independent treatment is authorized at the first stage of the pathology of the feasor feasor joint in children and adults.
Dandelion
The plant is used as a component for infusions, compresses, hoods.Its flowers are rich:
- calcium;
- potassium;
- phosphorus;
- iron.
This contributes to rapid resuscitation and the strengthening of the bone structure.
To prepare the infusion, you will need a container which is half filled with inflorescences, and a triple COOLOGNE is added to the remaining space.Insist the composition for a month in a place protected from sunlight, then rub the finished liquid with massage movements in the dermis of an endolori knee.
Burdock
Bardaine leaves are a powerful antiseptic, accelerate the healing process of injuries, circulatory catering.The back of the sheet is applied to the damaged seal, closely attached with a bandage or a hot fabric scarf.The procedure is carried out overnight for a week.
Celandine
Célandine has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.For 7 consecutive days, a compress of grass is applied to the femoral life joint.After 60 minutes, the joint region is treated with vegetable oil.The price of treatment is twice a month with a break of 8 days.
Golden mustache
The dye on the leaves of a golden mustache normalized metabolic processes, relieves pain.15–20 leaves of the plant are poured with two glasses of boiling water, infused in a warm place.The daily dose is 75 ml for three doses after eating.
The grass with an incorrect approach can have a negative effect.Before using medicinal plants, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with contraindications, it is still better to consult a doctor.
Prevention of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The osteoarthritis of the knee joint, like any disease, is easier to predict than to fight against the consequences.
Preventive measures:
- Daily diet.Good nutrition is 50% success.Fat food with a lot of cholesterol should be avoided.Only a various and useful menu is authorized: low varieties of meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy products, nuts, juices.
- It is necessary to limit the consumption of flour, sweet, caffeine, tobacco and alcohol.
- With a sedentary lifestyle (sedentary work), every 2 hours carry out a hot-up.
- You have to be in the fresh air more often, walk on foot, go swimming, sport.
- Wearing orthopedic shoes with an elastic sole - this reduces the risk of osteoarthritis.
The most important thing is to undergo preventive examinations with specialists twice a year.
For reference!Closely tested consultation specialists can properly choose the treatment: orthopedist, rheumatologist, arthrologist.
The prognosis for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Pathology causes biochemical mechanical changes in joint joints, a decrease in its thickness, the formation of osteophytes (growth on the surface of bone tissue) and subchondral cysts (cavities in organs).
Dystrophic damage to the articulation of the femoral pan joint do not carry dangers for life, but that causes great discomfort.The sick person has a low motor activity, he suffers from intense pain.
The distorting osteoarthritis, including post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee joint, is progressive.It is difficult to predict the development of pathology - it all depends on the physiological characteristics of the body and the lifestyle:
- age;
- deformation forms and degrees;
- concomitant diseases;
- execution of doctor's instructions;
- areas of activity.
The osteoarthritis of the knee joint is treated, the essential is to detect such a change in the femoral joint in children or adults and to properly plan therapy.
It is important to confirm the diagnosis of distorting osteoarthritis at 1 and 2 stages of development, when you can maintain the joint by restoring performance.The doctor can conclude and determine the degree of joint lesions based on ultrasound, MRI, arthroscopy and radioscopy.
You may need several images to predict the dynamics of the development of femoral knee pathology.
During the diagnosis of distorting osteoarthritis, a set of measures aims to restore the activity of the musculoskeletal system, because the disease itself cannot be healed even in children.